Structured data
Machine-readable facts about a page, written as JSON-LD in the markup: what it is, who wrote it, when, and under what policy.
Search engines use it to decide how a result is displayed; agents and aggregators use it to decide what the page even is. The vocabulary is schema.org, and the shapes that matter for a news site are the article, the organization behind it, the breadcrumb, and the defined term.
It has to describe what is actually on the page. Marking up a rating that no reader can see, or an author who does not exist, is the fastest way to lose the display it was meant to earn.